Component List¶
This document outlines the available components in Kestrel EMT.
Note that this page is automatically generated.
Circuitry¶
Basic Components¶
Resistor
Ideal resistor model.
Parameters:
Input - Resistance or Power
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Wye or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)
Resistance - Resistance in Ohms
Voltage - Nominal voltage rating in RMS (line to line for 3-Ø, line to neutral for 1-Ø)
Power - Total nominal power rating
Inductor
Ideal inductor model.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Wye or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)
Input - Inductance (L) or Reactance (X) or Reactive Power (Q)
Inductance
Reactance - Reactance in Ohms
Frequency
Voltage - Nominal voltage rating in RMS (line to line for 3-Ø, line to neutral for 1-Ø)
Power - Total nominal reactive power rating
Frequency
Capacitor
Ideal capacitor model
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Wye or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)
Input - Capacitance (C) or Reactance (X) or Reactive Power (Q)
Capacitance
Initial_Voltage
Reactance - Reactance in Ohms
Frequency
Voltage - Nominal voltage rating in RMS (line to line for 3-Ø, line to neutral for 1-Ø)
Power - Total nominal reactive power rating
Frequency
RLC
Combined series RLC model.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Wye
Resistance
Inductance
Capacitance
Coupled RL
Coupled 3-Ø series RL model.
Parameters:
Input - Inductance (L) or Reactance (X)
R1 - Positive Sequence Resistance
R0 - Zero Sequence Resistance
L0 - Zero Sequence Inductance
L1 - Positive Sequence Inductance
X0 - Zero Sequence Inductive Reactance
X1 - Positive Sequence Inductive Reactance
Frequency
Varistor
Nonlinear resistor defined as a piecewise linear function V(i). Characteristic must be monotonically increasing. Negative currents and voltages are not allowed (characteristic is assumed to be symmetric). Do not include the point (0,0). The ArresterWorks Lightning Arrester VI Characteristic is courtesy of Jonathan Woodworth (arresterworks.com).
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Wye or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)
Characteristic - Manual VI or ArresterWorks
VI Curve
MCOV
Class - Light Duty or Normal Duty or Heavy Duty or 5 kA or 10 kA or Station or Class 1 or Class 2 or Class 3 or Class 4 or Class 5
Sources¶
Voltage Source
Configurable voltage source. The 8/20µs and 1.2/50µs waves are implemented based on IEEE Std C62.45.
Parameters:
Waveform - Cosine or Impulse or 8/20µs Wave or 1.2/50µs Wave or DC
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Scaling - VLN RMS or VLL RMS or VLN Peak or VLL Peak
Sequence - Zero or Positive or Negative
Amplitude - Voltage Amplitude
Frequency
Phase
Ton
Resistance
Tstart
Tstop
Tstart
Tstop
Current Source
Configurable current source. The 8/20µs and 1.2/50µs waves are implemented based on IEEE Std C62.45.
Parameters:
Waveform - Cosine or Impulse or DC or 8/20µs Wave or 1.2/50µs Wave
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Scaling - I RMS or I Peak
Sequence - Zero or Positive or Negative
Amplitude - Current Amplitude
Frequency
Phase
Ton
Tstart
Tstop
Tstart
Tstop
Programmable Source
Source current/voltage is dependent on the input math blocks.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Source Type - Voltage or Current
Resistance
Ground
Ground reference.
Transformers¶
Ideal Transformer
Ideal transformer (Note: Even transforms DC). Three phase transformers with Wye-\(\Delta\) and \(\Delta\)-Wye have standard ANSI phase shift (primary voltage leads by 30 degrees).
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø Wye-Wye or 3-Ø Wye-\(\Delta\) or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)-Wye or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)-\(\Delta\)
n - Winding ratio (n:1)
Tap Changing
Taps - Total number of tap settings.
TapSize - Tap size (per unit).
Transformer
Transformer with typical nameplate specified values. Three phase transformers with Wye-\(\Delta\) and \(\Delta\)-Wye have standard ANSI phase shift (primary voltage leads by 30 degrees).
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø Wye-Wye or 3-Ø Wye-\(\Delta\) or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)-Wye or 3-Ø \(\Delta\)-\(\Delta\)
V1 - Primary Voltage
V2 - Secondary Voltage
Xs - Series Reactance
Rs - Series Resistance
Ie - Excitation Current
S - XFMR MVA rating, used for impedance calculation only.
Frequency - System frequency, used for impedance calculation
Taps - Total number of tap settings.
TapSize - Tap size (per unit).
Switching¶
Time Switch
Time programmable switch.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Wye
Starts Open - Specify whether the switch is open during the steady state solution.
Pole Control - Individually control the switch poles.
Ron - Series resistance when switch is on (closed).
Roff - Series resistance when switch is on (open).
I Interrupt - Current threshold for switch interrupting current.
Switch Times
Switch Times
Switch Times A
Switch Times B
Switch Times C
Controlled Switch
Switch controllable using math blocks. Switch is closed if input is greater than or equal to 1.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Wye
Ron - Series resistance when switch is on (closed).
Roff - Series resistance when switch is on (open).
I Interrupt - Current threshold for switch interrupting current.
Diode
Ideal diode (Vd = 0).
Parameters:
Auto Snub - Improves numerical stability by inserting a small RC circuit across the diode, dependent on timestep.
Transmission Lines¶
Transmission Line
Transmission line using Bergeron model.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø or 3-Ø Coupled
Length
Lp - Series inductance per unit length.
Cp - Shunt capacitance per unit length.
Rp - Series resistance per unit length.
L1 - Series positive sequence inductance per unit length.
L0 - Series zero sequence inductance per unit length.
C1 - Shunt positive sequence capacitance per unit length.
C0 - Shunt zero sequence capacitance per unit length.
R1 - Series positive sequence resistance per unit length.
R0 - Series zero sequence resistance per unit length.
Math¶
Basic¶
Arithmetic
Sum/Subtract/Multiply/Divide multiple inputs.
Parameters:
Operation - Sum or Multiply or Divide
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Input1 - Plus or Minus
Input2 - Plus or Minus
ABS
Outputs the absolute value of the input.
GAIN
Multiplies the input(s) by a constant
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Gain - Value to scale input by.
TRIG
Standard trigonometric functions. All operate in radians.
Parameters:
Function - COS or SIN or TAN or ACOS or ASIN or ATAN
Logic¶
AND
Digital Logic AND Gate. Outputs 1 if both inputs are greater than or equal to 1.
OR
Digital Logic OR Gate. Outputs 1 if either input is greater than or equal to 1.
NOT
Digital logic NOT Gate. If the input is greater or equal to one, returns 0. If the input is less than one, returns 1.
Greater Than
Greater-Than comparison. Outputs a 1 if the first (top) input is greater than the second input.
Moving Average
Moving Average
Parameters:
Time Constant - Time constant
Special Variable
Outputs the value of a special variable, such as the current simulation time.
Parameters:
Variable - TIME or DT
Constant
Sets the control input to a constant value.
Parameters:
Value - Constant value.
Signal Source
Configurable signal source for control circuits.
Parameters:
Waveform - Cosine or Impulse or Square or Arbitrary
Amplitude
Frequency
Frequency
Phase
Ton
Offset - DC Offset of waveform.
Offset - DC Offset of waveform.
Output
Derivative
First order derivative
Integral
Basic integral
RMS
Calculates the Root-Mean-Square of a signal using a sliding window.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Frequency - Defines the sliding window size [n= 1/(dt*Frequency)]
nPerCycle - Samples per Cycle. Effective sample frequency is Frequency * nPerCycle.
Phasor
Uses a DFT based algorithm to calculate a phasor. Values are reported as a real/imaginary pair if “Polar” is not checked, otherwise amplitude and phase (radians) is reported.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Frequency - Defines the window size
nPerCycle - Samples per Cycle. Effective sample frequency is Frequency * nPerCycle.
Polar - If checked, reports values in polar coordinates. Otherwise, cartesian values are reported.
Arg
Converts a Real/Imaginary pair to Amplitude and Phase.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Sequence
Sequence Component transformation. Converts phase quantities into the sequence domain (ABC -> 012). Accepts (and outputs) a Real and Imaginary set of three phase inputs and outputs.
Other¶
Monitor Node
Monitor a node. If placed on a circuit node, the voltage will be monitored. If placed on a math node, its value will be monitored.
Parameters:
Measurement - Line-to-Ground or Line-to-Line
Current Measurement
Ideal current measurement / current transformer using 100 µ\(\Omega\) shunt.
Parameters:
Phases - 1-Ø or 3-Ø
Node Name
Name a node.
Template Component
Template component used to create subcircuit blocks.
Python Block
Define a function named “func” which will run once per timestep. Put any initialization code outside of this function. The number of input parameters and returns to “func” should match the Num Inputs and Num Outputs. All parameters should be floats. Optionally, the special function “sim_end” may be declared, which will be called once at the end of the simulation.
Parameters:
Num Inputs - 0 or 3 or 23
Num Outputs - 0 or 3 or 12
Call Rate - Specify how frequently to call the Python code in the simulation. Set to Auto to call every timestep (costly).
Python Scope - Set to Auto to keep scope separate from other Python Blocks. Python block with the same scope names will share variables and function names.
Python Code
MATLAB Block
Define a single function named “func” which will run at the specified Call Rate. Use a single float input array and single float output array regardless of the nubmer of inputs. See documentation for help setting up MATLAB. MATLAB 2024a or above is required.
Parameters:
Num Inputs - 0 or 1 or 2 or 3
Num Outputs - 0 or 1 or 2 or 3
Call Rate - Specify how frequently to call the MATLAB code in the simulation.
MATLAB Code
Comment
For Text
Parameters:
Text - Any text may go here.
Format - Comment or Large Comment or Large Title or Small Title